For the last week of Langston Hughes, I chose a couple of poems that I liked.
50-50 is about a woman that is lonely. A boy told her that if she was smart, she would have him with her all the time. She asked him what she must do to have him as her man. He told her to share her bed. . .and money, too. I really liked the ending of this, because it reminded me of a typical guy. :-P
In Life Is Fine, a man tries to drown himself, but it was so cold that he got out. He was in a sixteen story building and thought about jumping, but it was too high. At the end, he says:
So since I’m still here livin’,
I guess I will live on.
I could’ve died for love-
But for livin’ I was born.
I’ve never thought about commiting suicide because of love, but this poem felt to me like it really had a purpose. Love is no reason to kill yourself, like if some guy turns you down. I really liked the last two lines- like the person had a new life.
In Mother to Son, a woman tells her son that life isn’t easy. Her life wasn’t always best, but she kept climbing the stairs. I wasn’t really sure if she meant just growing up, but EHSS sang a song called Climbing Up the Mountain. She said she was still climbing those stairs. She might be climbing “the stairs of life,” or maybe advancing towards Heaven. I'm not sure what Langston Hughes meant by the stairs, but I think he meant both.
Friday, August 31, 2007
Poetry Concerning the Human Race
I noticed that a lot of Langston Hughes's poetry dealt with the treatment of African Americans and the concern of their freedom. For Week 9, I decided to select a couple of my favorite poems by Langston Hughes and try to explain why I felt they had a lot of meaning behind them.
The first poem that I read was Aunt Sue's Stories. During the summer evenings, Aunt Sue holds a child on her lap and tells him stories that deals with slaves. In the poem, the child is silent and listens to his Aunt because he knows that her stories are real and didn't come from a book; They came from her own life. This reminds me of the debate between book learning and life experience. Langston Hughes says the child was silent because he knew the stories did not come from a book and they came from Aunt Sue's own life. I think this shows Langston Hughes believed that life experience was more important than book learning, and that there are some things that you just can't learn from a book.
The second poem that I looked at was Negro, and it is definitely one of my favorites! I feel there's just a lot of emotion behind this poem. The first and last lines in the poem say that he is a Negro, he is as black as the night. Its like he knows no matter what happens, he always was a Negro and always will be. He says he was a slave for Caesar, and cleaned Washington's boots. He was a worker, building pyramids and making mortar for the Woolworth Building. He was a singer, in Africa and in Georgia. He was a victim, getting his hands cut off in the Congo by the Belgians and still being lynched in Mississippi. Langston Hughes uses himself as a metaphor for the African American race. He shows that African Americans have always been slaves, workers, singers and victims. No matter what happens, he feels that people will look at him as a Negro. I feel that Langston Hughes had a lot of passion and emotion behind this poem.
My People is a short poem, but also holds a lot of meaning. He says that the night (which represents darkness) is beautiful, as are the faces of his people. He says that the stars (which represent brightness) are beautiful, as are the eyes of his people. He says the sun (which represents happiness and fun) is beautiful, as are the souls of his people. He gets his point across that his people have dark beautiful faces, bright beautiful eyes, and colorful souls. They are no different than these things in the sky, but are looked at in completely different ways.
Cross is a poem about a boy that has a white father and an African American mother. He is confused about what he is, since he is not completely white or African American. His father died in a fine big house and his mother died in a shack. This shows that there were many differences in the lives of people that were white and African American, even something like where they would die was completely different.
Flipping through my book of poems by Langston Hughes, I found a poem called Ku Klux. It was the first poem that I read in this book that rhymed. A group of white men took this black man out to the middle of nowhere, and asks him if he believed in the great white race. When the black man said he would believe in anything if they let him go, the white man declared he was sassing him. He hit him and in the head and kicked him while he was lying on the ground. The last lines are “Nigger, Look me in the face- And tell me you believe in the great white race.” I guess I couldn't really find a lot to say about this poem, just that it embarrassed me to be white. Its not like its just a fake story, these things really happened. I admire the courage the African American man had for speaking up to the white man, though.
Merry-Go-Round is about an African American child at a carnival. He asks where he is supposed to sit on a merry-go-round, since white and colored people can’t sit next to each other. He says that there’s a car for colored people on the train, and on the bus, he is put in the back. After reading this, I think about what the colored boy was asking. He probably wasn't aloud on the merry-go-round. All I could think of while I was reading this was that a merry-go-round is a circular shape. The song “Circle of Life” popped in my head and I started singing it:
It’s the Circle of Life
And it moves us all
Through despair and hope
Through faith and love
We’re all members of the human race and we’re all a part of “the Circle of Life.” The colored boy should have been aloud on the merry-go-round, which should have been for both colored and white people. Leave it to me to relate this to the Lion King. J
There’s a line from Theme for English B that I thought I would just through out. This colored man is the only colored man in his class. His instructor told his class told go home and write a page tonight, to let it come out of you and it would be true. He talks about his page being colored since he is colored, then he says:
But it will be
A part of you, instructor.
You are white-
Yet a part of me, as I am a part of you.
That’s American.
I know last year we talked about what it means to be American. Langston Hughes thought being American meant to be black and white.
The last poem I looked at was Democracy. Langston Hughes says he has as much right as a white man to own land. He’s tired of hearing people say “Let things take their course.” One line I love is “I do not need freedom when I’m dead.” He wants to live in the moment. I believe the end of the poem is amazing:
Freedom
Is a strong seed
Planted
In a great need
I live here, too.
I want freedom
Just as you.
All he wanted before he died was equality.
The first poem that I read was Aunt Sue's Stories. During the summer evenings, Aunt Sue holds a child on her lap and tells him stories that deals with slaves. In the poem, the child is silent and listens to his Aunt because he knows that her stories are real and didn't come from a book; They came from her own life. This reminds me of the debate between book learning and life experience. Langston Hughes says the child was silent because he knew the stories did not come from a book and they came from Aunt Sue's own life. I think this shows Langston Hughes believed that life experience was more important than book learning, and that there are some things that you just can't learn from a book.
The second poem that I looked at was Negro, and it is definitely one of my favorites! I feel there's just a lot of emotion behind this poem. The first and last lines in the poem say that he is a Negro, he is as black as the night. Its like he knows no matter what happens, he always was a Negro and always will be. He says he was a slave for Caesar, and cleaned Washington's boots. He was a worker, building pyramids and making mortar for the Woolworth Building. He was a singer, in Africa and in Georgia. He was a victim, getting his hands cut off in the Congo by the Belgians and still being lynched in Mississippi. Langston Hughes uses himself as a metaphor for the African American race. He shows that African Americans have always been slaves, workers, singers and victims. No matter what happens, he feels that people will look at him as a Negro. I feel that Langston Hughes had a lot of passion and emotion behind this poem.
My People is a short poem, but also holds a lot of meaning. He says that the night (which represents darkness) is beautiful, as are the faces of his people. He says that the stars (which represent brightness) are beautiful, as are the eyes of his people. He says the sun (which represents happiness and fun) is beautiful, as are the souls of his people. He gets his point across that his people have dark beautiful faces, bright beautiful eyes, and colorful souls. They are no different than these things in the sky, but are looked at in completely different ways.
Cross is a poem about a boy that has a white father and an African American mother. He is confused about what he is, since he is not completely white or African American. His father died in a fine big house and his mother died in a shack. This shows that there were many differences in the lives of people that were white and African American, even something like where they would die was completely different.
Flipping through my book of poems by Langston Hughes, I found a poem called Ku Klux. It was the first poem that I read in this book that rhymed. A group of white men took this black man out to the middle of nowhere, and asks him if he believed in the great white race. When the black man said he would believe in anything if they let him go, the white man declared he was sassing him. He hit him and in the head and kicked him while he was lying on the ground. The last lines are “Nigger, Look me in the face- And tell me you believe in the great white race.” I guess I couldn't really find a lot to say about this poem, just that it embarrassed me to be white. Its not like its just a fake story, these things really happened. I admire the courage the African American man had for speaking up to the white man, though.
Merry-Go-Round is about an African American child at a carnival. He asks where he is supposed to sit on a merry-go-round, since white and colored people can’t sit next to each other. He says that there’s a car for colored people on the train, and on the bus, he is put in the back. After reading this, I think about what the colored boy was asking. He probably wasn't aloud on the merry-go-round. All I could think of while I was reading this was that a merry-go-round is a circular shape. The song “Circle of Life” popped in my head and I started singing it:
It’s the Circle of Life
And it moves us all
Through despair and hope
Through faith and love
We’re all members of the human race and we’re all a part of “the Circle of Life.” The colored boy should have been aloud on the merry-go-round, which should have been for both colored and white people. Leave it to me to relate this to the Lion King. J
There’s a line from Theme for English B that I thought I would just through out. This colored man is the only colored man in his class. His instructor told his class told go home and write a page tonight, to let it come out of you and it would be true. He talks about his page being colored since he is colored, then he says:
But it will be
A part of you, instructor.
You are white-
Yet a part of me, as I am a part of you.
That’s American.
I know last year we talked about what it means to be American. Langston Hughes thought being American meant to be black and white.
The last poem I looked at was Democracy. Langston Hughes says he has as much right as a white man to own land. He’s tired of hearing people say “Let things take their course.” One line I love is “I do not need freedom when I’m dead.” He wants to live in the moment. I believe the end of the poem is amazing:
Freedom
Is a strong seed
Planted
In a great need
I live here, too.
I want freedom
Just as you.
All he wanted before he died was equality.
Friday, August 17, 2007
The Negro Speaks of Rivers and I, too, sing America
My favorite line in The Negro Speaks of Rivers is "I've known rivers: Ancient, dusky rivers". I believe that the rivers are a symbolism of Langston Hughes's heritage. It seems to me that he is talking about his African heritage.
I agree with Angela about the symbolism of the rivers. I think the river in Huckleberry Finn symbolizes a journey, but I also think its symbolizes freedom. It led Jim to freedom after being a slave and it led Huck to freedom from his father.
I really liked I, too, sing America. I like it when he says nobody will dare tell him to eat in the kitchen and they will see how beautiful he is and be ashamed. I believe he is talking about how they'll see how beautiful his soul is and that is what really matters. This shows that Langston Hughes believe that being American did not depend souly upon skin color. It really shows how much he would stand up to support his beliefs.
I agree with Angela about the symbolism of the rivers. I think the river in Huckleberry Finn symbolizes a journey, but I also think its symbolizes freedom. It led Jim to freedom after being a slave and it led Huck to freedom from his father.
I really liked I, too, sing America. I like it when he says nobody will dare tell him to eat in the kitchen and they will see how beautiful he is and be ashamed. I believe he is talking about how they'll see how beautiful his soul is and that is what really matters. This shows that Langston Hughes believe that being American did not depend souly upon skin color. It really shows how much he would stand up to support his beliefs.
Friday, August 10, 2007
Education Today
Education in the older days is shown through Huck's life in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. At the beginning of the book, Huck is going to school and obeying the wishes of the Widow. He also attends Sunday School and learns about religion. As the book continues, Huck doesn't return to school and runs away with Jim. His life experience is what helps him makes his decisions throughout the book.
Governor Baldachi is trying to consolidate the schools in the state of Maine. The purpose of this task it to save money. Several years ago MSAD #48 had trouble passing the budget. Many people wanted to cut classes, positions and extra curricular activities to save money.
Education is important to our society. Its hard to get a job with only a high school diploma. Many businesses only hire college graduates. Colleges are offering more financial aid and scholarships so more people can attend college.
More classes are being offered. Electives such as foreign languages and music classes are being offered to anyone that wants to take them. During Huck's time, education was only offered to white people. As you can see, education has become extremely important to our society.
Governor Baldachi is trying to consolidate the schools in the state of Maine. The purpose of this task it to save money. Several years ago MSAD #48 had trouble passing the budget. Many people wanted to cut classes, positions and extra curricular activities to save money.
Education is important to our society. Its hard to get a job with only a high school diploma. Many businesses only hire college graduates. Colleges are offering more financial aid and scholarships so more people can attend college.
More classes are being offered. Electives such as foreign languages and music classes are being offered to anyone that wants to take them. During Huck's time, education was only offered to white people. As you can see, education has become extremely important to our society.
Sunday, August 5, 2007
Book Learning Vs. Life Experience
The debate between book learning and life experience is played out throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck talks about the education that the Widow Douglas wanted for him. It was not only regular school, but Sunday School, also. He talks about the Widow reading her Bible to him after supper. Books were very important to them. Books could teach them about history, religion, cooking, etc. Tom Sawyer read books that were about gangs and he used ideas from the books he read throughout the novel.
Life experience also played an important part in Huck’s adventures. Some of these adventures include escaping from his father and making it look like he had been murdered and sailing down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. Huck had been with Jim a long time when the King sold Jim, but Huck’s conscience told him to save Jim. The books said that white people were of higher class than black people, but because of Huck’s life experienced he tried to save Jim.
Miss Watson and her sister both thought learning from books was more important than life experience. Miss Watson would keep telling Huck to behave. The Widow Douglas read her Bible to Huck every night. Huck’s father was the exact opposite. He didn’t want Huck to go back to school. He thought that if Huck had an education, he would think he was better than him. I believe Mark Twain felt that life experience was more important than book learning. His view can be seen through the two main characters Huck and Jim. Huck stopped going to school and Jim never had an education, but Huck and Jim both became free.
I think that life experience is more important than learning things from a book. Sure, books can help teach you things but they are nothing compared to a real hands-on experience. I’ve learned things from books, but I’ve learned a lot more from my experiences and other people. For example, I baby-sit a lot. I’ve learned a lot through the years while I was baby-sitting, and I’m pretty sure a book would not be able to teach me everything that I know about how to take care of a child.
Life experience also played an important part in Huck’s adventures. Some of these adventures include escaping from his father and making it look like he had been murdered and sailing down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. Huck had been with Jim a long time when the King sold Jim, but Huck’s conscience told him to save Jim. The books said that white people were of higher class than black people, but because of Huck’s life experienced he tried to save Jim.
Miss Watson and her sister both thought learning from books was more important than life experience. Miss Watson would keep telling Huck to behave. The Widow Douglas read her Bible to Huck every night. Huck’s father was the exact opposite. He didn’t want Huck to go back to school. He thought that if Huck had an education, he would think he was better than him. I believe Mark Twain felt that life experience was more important than book learning. His view can be seen through the two main characters Huck and Jim. Huck stopped going to school and Jim never had an education, but Huck and Jim both became free.
I think that life experience is more important than learning things from a book. Sure, books can help teach you things but they are nothing compared to a real hands-on experience. I’ve learned things from books, but I’ve learned a lot more from my experiences and other people. For example, I baby-sit a lot. I’ve learned a lot through the years while I was baby-sitting, and I’m pretty sure a book would not be able to teach me everything that I know about how to take care of a child.
Sunday, July 15, 2007
Totem Poles
Totem poles are a tradition of Pacific Northwest Coast Indian tribes (Washington state, British Columbia and southern Alaska). They wood they were carved from came mostly from cedar trees. Totem poles stood in a room, or sometimes sat outside tents to represent the status of the people living in the tent. Totem poles were originally part of the Potlatch ceremony, a meaningful feast of the coastal First Nations. They were carved to represent a family, like a family crest. They recognized the family’s accomplishments, adventures, stories and prerogatives.
Totem poles were raised in honors of an elder that had passed away who meant a lot to the clan, to show the number of names and rights someone had acquired throughout their life or to record an encounter with a supernatural being. When a tribal chief died, totem poles were used to bring them honor. A hand-carved totem pole would be raised that showed the accomplishments the chief had achieved over his life. High ranking people might be honored when they died by being cremated, then having their ashes put into a totem pole (near the top in a hollow section).
There was a totem pole called a shame pole. It was used to show the disgrace of a person. It was an effective tool used by a tribal chief against another. The shame pole would stay in a place until the other chief would pay a demanded price or make peace in a different way.
Animals weren’t always carved clearly, but there was always a theme that helped identify them. An example of one of these theme would be a beavers two sharp teeth and its broad shaped tail displayed in front of its body. If a totem pole had an eagle on it, it was either because the owner believed his ancestry stemmed from the eagle, the owner had recently had an encounter with the animal or he had received a supernatural gift from the animal.
Here are some common totem figures and what they stand for:
Wolf- Powerful (most powerful are pure white)
Bear- Caring, must not be insulted or cursed
Whale- Ruler of water, noble
Raven- Powerful, curious, defiant, compulsive, corrupt, deceptive
Eagle- Lord of the sky, brave
Hawk- Regal, stands off but will assist humans if they need help
Thunderbird- Grand lord of the sky, needs homage
Kolus- Thunderbird’s brother, show off, competitive, strong
Two-headed Sea Serpent- Deceitful, evil, can turn enemies into stone with one glance
Beaver- Vengeful
Frog- Misunderstood, underestimated, associated with great wealth
The meaning of some totem poles that told of stories or adventures have been lost over time. The meanings were usually kept within the family, the pole’s owner and the carver. Some owners did share the story of their totem pole, but unless they did, the meaning was not understood by others and totally lost.
Totem poles today are carved for both Natives and non-Natives. They represent Native tradition and pride. The most expensive form of Native art is probably totem poles made during the 1800’s, which were made of one piece of cedar each, which could be up to forty feet. It isn’t really surprising that they are so expensive, because of the cost of a full-grown cedar tree and the amount of carving and painting an artist uses to turn it into a totem pole. On average, a totem pole is $500 per foot. If you find one less than that, it probably isn’t hand-carved, made by a native artist and/or carved from one tree.
Works Cited:
“American Indian Totem Poles.” Native Languages of the Americas: Preserving and promoting American Indian languages. 1998-2007. 13 Jul 2007
http://www.native-languages.org/totem.htm.
“Native American Totem Poles.” Indians. 2007. American Indian Heritage Foundation. 13 Jul 2007
http://www.indians.org/articles/native-american-totem-poles.html.
“Totem Poles and Sculptures.” Native Online. 2000. 13 Jul 2007
http://www.nativeonline.com/totem_poles.htm#Common%20Totem%20Figures.
I believe that the main theme of the book was that justice should heal, not punish. Ben Mikaelsen had wrote about Cole’s life at the detention center. One thing that really sticks out in my mind is when Garvey brought the cake ingredients and left them there, and Cole threw them everywhere. This showed that Cole was an angry person and the detention center wasn’t helping him with his anger in any way. After his attack from the Spirit Bear, Cole began to change. Towards the end of the book he helped Peter change, also. The other form of justice (Circle Justice) healed Cole and helped him with his anger. As you can see, Ben Mikaelsen was trying to prove that justice should heal and not punish.
Totem poles were raised in honors of an elder that had passed away who meant a lot to the clan, to show the number of names and rights someone had acquired throughout their life or to record an encounter with a supernatural being. When a tribal chief died, totem poles were used to bring them honor. A hand-carved totem pole would be raised that showed the accomplishments the chief had achieved over his life. High ranking people might be honored when they died by being cremated, then having their ashes put into a totem pole (near the top in a hollow section).
There was a totem pole called a shame pole. It was used to show the disgrace of a person. It was an effective tool used by a tribal chief against another. The shame pole would stay in a place until the other chief would pay a demanded price or make peace in a different way.
Animals weren’t always carved clearly, but there was always a theme that helped identify them. An example of one of these theme would be a beavers two sharp teeth and its broad shaped tail displayed in front of its body. If a totem pole had an eagle on it, it was either because the owner believed his ancestry stemmed from the eagle, the owner had recently had an encounter with the animal or he had received a supernatural gift from the animal.
Here are some common totem figures and what they stand for:
Wolf- Powerful (most powerful are pure white)
Bear- Caring, must not be insulted or cursed
Whale- Ruler of water, noble
Raven- Powerful, curious, defiant, compulsive, corrupt, deceptive
Eagle- Lord of the sky, brave
Hawk- Regal, stands off but will assist humans if they need help
Thunderbird- Grand lord of the sky, needs homage
Kolus- Thunderbird’s brother, show off, competitive, strong
Two-headed Sea Serpent- Deceitful, evil, can turn enemies into stone with one glance
Beaver- Vengeful
Frog- Misunderstood, underestimated, associated with great wealth
The meaning of some totem poles that told of stories or adventures have been lost over time. The meanings were usually kept within the family, the pole’s owner and the carver. Some owners did share the story of their totem pole, but unless they did, the meaning was not understood by others and totally lost.
Totem poles today are carved for both Natives and non-Natives. They represent Native tradition and pride. The most expensive form of Native art is probably totem poles made during the 1800’s, which were made of one piece of cedar each, which could be up to forty feet. It isn’t really surprising that they are so expensive, because of the cost of a full-grown cedar tree and the amount of carving and painting an artist uses to turn it into a totem pole. On average, a totem pole is $500 per foot. If you find one less than that, it probably isn’t hand-carved, made by a native artist and/or carved from one tree.
Works Cited:
“American Indian Totem Poles.” Native Languages of the Americas: Preserving and promoting American Indian languages. 1998-2007. 13 Jul 2007
http://www.native-languages.org/totem.htm.
“Native American Totem Poles.” Indians. 2007. American Indian Heritage Foundation. 13 Jul 2007
http://www.indians.org/articles/native-american-totem-poles.html.
“Totem Poles and Sculptures.” Native Online. 2000. 13 Jul 2007
http://www.nativeonline.com/totem_poles.htm#Common%20Totem%20Figures.
I believe that the main theme of the book was that justice should heal, not punish. Ben Mikaelsen had wrote about Cole’s life at the detention center. One thing that really sticks out in my mind is when Garvey brought the cake ingredients and left them there, and Cole threw them everywhere. This showed that Cole was an angry person and the detention center wasn’t helping him with his anger in any way. After his attack from the Spirit Bear, Cole began to change. Towards the end of the book he helped Peter change, also. The other form of justice (Circle Justice) healed Cole and helped him with his anger. As you can see, Ben Mikaelsen was trying to prove that justice should heal and not punish.
Thursday, July 5, 2007
Circle Justice
After reading to Chapter 16 of Touching Spirit Bear, I became a little confused about the Circle Justice and wanted to research it more. Circle Justice begins when a criminal pleads guilty in court and agrees to accept a sentence imposed by their community. People that attend the meetings can range from teachers, friends, family or just anyone in the community interested in helping the offender. The goals of Circle Justice include making the community safer, satisfying the needs of the victims’ and giving the offender skills to avoid crime. Minnesota was the first state to use the justice of circle sentencing.
Everyone in the circle is equal. The only person that can speak is whoever is holding the feather. The meetings are opened with a prayer by the Keeper, and they are also closed with a prayer. A Justice Center research team in Kake, Alaska observed their community’s adoption of Circle Justice for 18 months. The team’s research was funded by the National Science Foundation.
There was one case where six high schoolers in the town of Hastings put a homemade bomb at their vice principal’s door. They pleaded guilty to arson and property damage in court. The expected number of people to attend the circle was 70, and the time estimated for the meeting was more than four hours. A judge that attended the circle would decide the sentence if the circle couldn’t agree on one.
In an article on the front page of the Minneapolis Star Tribune in August of 1998, a county attorney named Jennifer Fahey made the statement that “In the criminal justice system, all we can do is punish” (Jennifer Fahey, Mille Lacs County, Minessota, County Attorney). The Justic Circle is “a safe, if not sacred place where people feel comfortable enough to open up and talk about what happened, the emotional impact, ask questions and show concert for the offender and his family” (Mark Umbreit, director of the Center for Restorative Justice and Mediation, University of Minnesota). Mark Umbreit also said that Circle Justice focuses on healing everybody and the process “demands real behavior change” (Mark Umbreit, director of the Center for Restorative Justic and Mediation, University of Minnesota), unlike jail.
Jeremy Boyd was 24 at the time when the article was written. He was an Ojibwe living on the Mille Lacs reservation. He pleaded guilty to cruelty to animals after strangling his sister’s cat because he was mad at her. His sister just wanted an apology from him. Jeremy Boyd was involved in Circle Justice. Jeremy Boyd’s sentence included building and installing 14 geese boxes on Lake Millle Lacs, going to an anger support group and fasting. He took 18 months to complete the sentence that was appointed to him.
Examples of sentences include community service, referral to special programs such as anger management, peer counseling, counseling for the offender and their family, curfew rules and restitution/compensation (I.e. replacing a window that they broke). Jail is a last resort.
As to agreeing with the theme “Justice should heal, not punish”, I haven’t come to a definite decision. I believe that jail hardens a person, and it doesn’t necessarily help them in the future to avoid crime. On the other side, Garvey had been to jail when he was younger and hadn’t he turned into a better person? I guess my overall opinion is justice should heal, not punish, but the person has to want to heal for it to work.
Circle Justice should be applied in mid-Maine, but I don’t think it would work very well. Just looking at people around me that commit crimes, I don’t believe they would want to heal and would think of it as a waste of time. The only way that it could work would be if there were people that really wanted to change. I’m not sure if there are enough people that would want to change around here.
Works Cited:
Adams, Jim. “Circle Sentencing.” Freenet. 18 August 1998. Minneapolis Star Tribune. 5 July 2007
http://freenet.msp.mn.us/~fholson/circles-mn/circ-stb.htm.
“Circle for Peace and Justice”. Beloved Community Photo Gallery. 18 November 2006.
http://www.belovedcommunitycenter.org/photos/slides/Circle%20for%20Peace%20and%20Justice.html.
Rieger, Lisa. “Circle Peacemaking.” Alaska Justice: Forum. 6 December 2001. University of Alaska Anchorage. 5 July 2007.
http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/17/4winter2001/a_circle.html.
“Sentencing Circle: a General Overview and Guidelines.” Native Law Centre of Canada. Tracy Grohs, Yorkton Tribal Council. 5 July 2007.
http://www.usask.ca/nativelaw/publications/jah/circle.html.
**Tracy Grohs is not the author of the article, but the information I used came from her.
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